Conclusion: A system for robotic cochlear implantation (rCI) has been developed and a corresponding surgical workflow has been described. The clinical feasibility was demonstrated through the conduction of a safe and effective rCI procedure.
Objectives: To define a clinical workflow for rCI and demonstrate its feasibility, safety, and effectiveness within a clinical setting.
Method: A clinical workflow for use of a previously described image guided surgical robot system for rCI was developed. Based on pre-operative images, a safe drilling tunnel targeting the round window was planned and drilled by the robotic system. Intra-operatively the drill path was assessed using imaging and sensor-based data to confirm the proximity of the facial nerve. Electrode array insertion was manually achieved under microscope visualization. Electrode array placement, structure preservation, and the accuracy of the drilling and of the safety mechanisms were assessed on post-operative CT images.
Results: Robotic drilling was conducted with an accuracy of 0.2 mm and safety mechanisms predicted proximity of the nerves to within 0.1 mm. The approach resulted in a minimal mastoidectomy and minimal incisions. Manual electrode array insertion was successfully performed through the robotically drilled tunnel. The procedure was performed without complications, and all surrounding structures were preserved.
Keywords: Robotic surgery; cochlear implantation; computed tomography imaging; facial nerve monitoring; image guidance; minimally invasive techniques; surgical planning.