According to current knowledge, uric acid plays an important role in pathogenesis of civilizational diseases - obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Uric acid has become an independent risk factor of morbidity and mortality. It is questionable, if the relationship between uric acid and cardiovascular diseases is direct (through influence on endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation) or indirect (mediated by known risk factors of cardiovascular diseases - metabolic syndrome, obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension). This article describes relationship between particular cardiovascular risk factors and uric acid. However, on the basis of current knowledge it is not possible to recommend treatment of hyperuricemia in order to decrease cardiovascular risk.Key words: fructose - insulin resistance - metabolic syndrome - uric acid - visceral obesity.