An Insight on Salting-out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction for Phytoanalysis

Phytochem Anal. 2017 Jul;28(4):297-304. doi: 10.1002/pca.2676. Epub 2017 Jan 26.

Abstract

Introduction: Salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) is a technique that, although simple and not requiring any complex equipment, is very powerful and versatile. It has obtained growing interest in bioanalysis particularly when combined with chromatographic techniques.

Objectives: Herein, fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) were used as a case-study to show the application of SALLE in phytochemical analysis.

Material and methods: SALLE combined with HPLC-UV-MS/MS and GC-MS.

Results: By HPLC-UV-MS/MS analysis of the organic extract it was possible to identify various phenolic compounds, including quercetin derivatives, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid. The main compounds identified by GC-MS were estragole, fenchone, anisaldehyde, anethole, benzaldehyde, camphor and apiole.

Conclusion: HPLC and GC analysis of the extracts showed that it is possible to isolate, in only one step, a wide range of compounds with distinct properties, allowing a detailed phytochemical analysis. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Keywords: Foeniculum vulgare; chromatography; phytochemical characterisation; polyphenols; sample preparation.

MeSH terms

  • Foeniculum / chemistry*
  • Liquid-Liquid Extraction*
  • Phenols / analysis
  • Phytochemicals / analysis*
  • Plant Extracts / analysis*
  • Seeds / chemistry
  • Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Substances

  • Phenols
  • Phytochemicals
  • Plant Extracts