The introduction of artificial joint replacement constitutes a breakthrough method of treatment for severe joint disease for millions of people worldwide.Annual increase in the number of primary replacement and also increasing demands on the longevity of joint replacements are leading to increased demands on wear resistance of articular surface. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is still most commonly used material for the production of articular surface. It was introduced into clinical practice in the 60s of the 20th century. Physical-chemical properties of UHMWPE are subject of many studies. These lead gradually to its improvement in terms of higher wear resistance while maintaining the stability against oxidative degradation.The main objective of this review is to summarize the basic properties of high-molecular weight polyethylene which are important for its use in orthopaedic practice and to explain the possibilities of its modification and sterilization. Knowledge of the latest trends about this material helps to orthopaedic surgeons get oriented in the issues and then to choose for their patients implants with the highest implant longevity.
Keywords: UHMWPE; annealing remelting.; ethylenoxide; total joint replacement; ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene; vitamin E.