Large-Scale Evaluation of In Vitro Amphotericin B, Triazole, and Echinocandin Activity against Coccidioides Species from U.S. Institutions

Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017 Mar 24;61(4):e02634-16. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02634-16. Print 2017 Apr.

Abstract

Large-scale testing of Coccidioides isolates has not been performed, and the frequency of clinical isolates with elevated amphotericin B or triazole MICs has not been evaluated. Coccidioides isolates (n = 581) underwent antifungal susceptibility testing. Elevated MIC values were observed for fluconazole (≥16 μg/ml, 37.3% of isolates; ≥32 μg/ml, 7.9% of isolates), itraconazole (≥2 μg/ml, 1.0% of isolates), posaconazole (≥1 μg/ml, 1.0% of isolates), and voriconazole (≥2 μg/ml, 1.2% of isolates). However, mold-active triazoles exhibited low MICs for the majority of isolates tested. Additional correlation with patient outcomes to determine the relevance of elevated MICs in Coccidioides isolates is needed.

Keywords: Coccidioides; amphotericin B; antifungal susceptibility testing; caspofungin; coccidioidomycosis; endemic mycoses; fluconazole; flucytosine; itraconazole; posaconazole; voriconazole.

MeSH terms

  • Amphotericin B / pharmacology*
  • Antifungal Agents / pharmacology*
  • Caspofungin
  • Coccidioides / drug effects*
  • Coccidioidomycosis / microbiology
  • Echinocandins / pharmacology*
  • Flucytosine / pharmacology
  • Itraconazole / pharmacology
  • Lipopeptides / pharmacology
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Triazoles / pharmacology*
  • United States
  • Voriconazole / pharmacology

Substances

  • Antifungal Agents
  • Echinocandins
  • Lipopeptides
  • Triazoles
  • Itraconazole
  • posaconazole
  • Amphotericin B
  • Flucytosine
  • Caspofungin
  • Voriconazole