Creation of Phosphotyrosine Superbinders by Directed Evolution of an SH2 Domain

Methods Mol Biol. 2017:1555:225-254. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6762-9_13.

Abstract

Commercial antibodies raised against phosphotyrosine have been widely used as reagents to detect or isolate tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins from cellular samples. However, these antibodies are costly and are not amenable to in-house production in an academic lab setting. In this chapter, we describe a method to generate super-high affinity SH2 domains, dubbed the phosphotyrosine superbinders, by evolving a natural SH2 domain using the phage display technology. The superbinders are stable and can be easily produced in Escherichia coli in large quantities. The strategy presented here may also be applied to other protein domains to generate domain variants with markedly enhanced affinities for a specific post-translational modification.

Keywords: Directed evolution; Modular domain; Phage display; Phosphotyrosine; Post-translational modification; Src homology 2 (SH2) domain.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Binding Sites
  • Carrier Proteins / chemistry*
  • Carrier Proteins / genetics
  • Carrier Proteins / metabolism*
  • Cell Surface Display Techniques
  • Computational Biology / methods
  • Conserved Sequence
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Evolution, Molecular
  • Genetic Vectors / genetics
  • Kinesis
  • Models, Molecular*
  • Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
  • Peptide Library
  • Phosphorylation
  • Phosphotyrosine / chemistry
  • Phosphotyrosine / metabolism*
  • Position-Specific Scoring Matrices
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Conformation
  • Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs* / genetics
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA
  • Software
  • Workflow
  • src Homology Domains* / genetics

Substances

  • Carrier Proteins
  • Peptide Library
  • Phosphotyrosine