Income in Multiple Sclerosis Patients with Different Disease Phenotypes

Andrius Kavaliunas; Ali Manouchehrinia; Virginija Danylaite Karrenbauer; Hanna Gyllensten; Anna Glaser; Kristina Alexanderson; Jan Hillert

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169460

Income in Multiple Sclerosis Patients with Different Disease Phenotypes

PLoS One. 2017 Jan 12;12(1):e0169460. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169460. eCollection 2017.

Authors

Andrius Kavaliunas¹, Ali Manouchehrinia¹, Virginija Danylaite Karrenbauer^{1

2}, Hanna Gyllensten¹, Anna Glaser¹, Kristina Alexanderson¹, Jan Hillert^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
² Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

Abstract

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease with profound heterogeneity in clinical course.

Objective: To analyze sources and levels of income among MS patients in relation to disease phenotype with a special focus on identifying differences/similarities between primary progressive MS (PPMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS).

Methods: A total of 6890 MS patients aged 21-64 years and living in Sweden in 2010 were identified for this cross-sectional study. Descriptive statistics, logistic, truncated linear, and zero-inflated negative binomial regression models were used to estimate differences in income between SPMS, PPMS and relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients.

Results: RRMS patients earned almost twice as much as PPMS and SPMS patients (on average SEK 204,500, SEK 114,500, and SEK 79,800 in 2010, respectively). The difference in earnings between PPMS and SPMS was not statistically significant when analyzed with multivariable regression. The estimated odds ratio for PPMS patients to have income from earnings was not significantly different from SPMS patients (95% CI 0.98 to 1.59). PPMS and RRMS patients were less likely to receive benefits when compared to SPMS patients (by 6% and 27% lower, respectively).

Conclusion: Our findings argue for similarities between PPMS and SPMS and highlight the socioeconomic importance of preventing RRMS patients convert to SPMS.

Publication types

Clinical Trial

MeSH terms

Adult
Female
Humans
Income*
Male
Middle Aged
Models, Economic*
Multiple Sclerosis / economics*
Phenotype
Socioeconomic Factors

Grants and funding

This study had financial support from Biogen and the Swedish Research Council for Working Life, Health and Welfare. Biogen reviewed and provided feedback on the paper to the authors. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.