Far-infrared protects vascular endothelial cells from advanced glycation end products-induced injury via PLZF-mediated autophagy in diabetic mice

Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 10:7:40442. doi: 10.1038/srep40442.

Abstract

The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in diabetic patients induces vascular endothelial injury. Promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF) is a transcription factor that can be activated by low-temperature far-infrared (FIR) irradiation to exert beneficial effects on the vascular endothelium. In the present study, we investigated the influence of FIR-induced PLZF activation on AGE-induced endothelial injury both in vitro and in vivo. FIR irradiation inhibited AGE-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). PLZF activation increased the expression of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases (PI3K), which are important kinases in the autophagic signaling pathway. FIR-induced PLZF activation led to autophagy in HUVEC, which was mediated through the upregulation of PI3K. Immunofluorescence staining showed that AGEs were engulfed by HUVECs and localized to lysosomes. FIR-induced autophagy promoted AGEs degradation in HUVECs. In nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, FIR therapy reduced serum AGEs and AGEs deposition at the vascular endothelium. FIR therapy also reduced diabetes-induced inflammatory markers in the vascular endothelium and improved vascular endothelial function. These protective effects of FIR therapy were not found in PLZF-knockout mice. Our data suggest that FIR-induced PLZF activation in vascular endothelial cells protects the vascular endothelium in diabetic mice from AGE-induced injury.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Apoptosis / drug effects
  • Apoptosis / radiation effects
  • Autophagy / drug effects*
  • Autophagy / radiation effects
  • Cell Nucleus / drug effects
  • Cell Nucleus / metabolism
  • Cell Nucleus / radiation effects
  • Cytoprotection / radiation effects*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / blood
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / pathology*
  • Glycation End Products, Advanced / toxicity*
  • Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / drug effects
  • Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / metabolism*
  • Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / pathology*
  • Humans
  • Inflammation / pathology
  • Infrared Rays*
  • Mice
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism
  • Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger Protein / metabolism*
  • Protein Transport / drug effects
  • Serum Albumin, Bovine / toxicity*
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects
  • Signal Transduction / radiation effects

Substances

  • Glycation End Products, Advanced
  • Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger Protein
  • Zbtb16 protein, mouse
  • advanced glycation end products-bovine serum albumin
  • ZBTB16 protein, human
  • Serum Albumin, Bovine
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases