Objective: Multicystic nephroma (multilocular cystic nephroma, multilocular cyst) is a relatively rare benign neoplasm of the kidney. Most patients are asymptomatic and tumours are usually discovered incidentally.
Methods: Between 2010 and 2015, 2 patients with cystic nephroma at our institution were diagnosed and treated. Our study includes two new cases of cystic nephroma and a review of the literature about the differential diagnosis of a cystic renal mass.
Results: In this report we present two cases of multilocular cystic nephroma in a 75-year-old-female and a 33-year-old female. They were diagnosed clinically as a renal mass and surgery was performed.
Conclusions: Surgery is the main treatment for cystic nephroma. The combination of clinical, biochemical and radiological features may help in lesion characterization, but only histology can provide the definite diagnosis. The differential diagnosis includes multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma and cystic nephroblastoma.