Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is frequently observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although previous works highlight the association between frontal lobe-related function and UI, causal relationship is unclear.
Objects: To clarify the longitudinal association between frontal lobe function and the incidence of UI at 1 year in patients with AD.
Methods: The subjects were 215 continent AD patients who attended the Memory Clinic of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology of Japan during the period from March 2011 to December 2014. The absence or presence of UI was operationally assigned by the dementia behavior disturbance scale subscale, which was completed by the patients' caregivers. Frontal lobe function was assessed using the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). Other confounding factors including demographic data, cognitive status, vitality, mood, physical performance, and use of medication (cholinesterase inhibitors, calcium channel blockers [CCBs], diuretics, alpha blockers and anticholinergic drugs) were assessed.
Results: During 1-year follow up (mean: 377.4±83.7 days), the incidence of UI was 12.1% (n = 26). Patients with UI had significantly lower FAB performance at baseline (no UI versus UI = 9.3±2.8 versus 7.8±2.7). In multivariate analysis, stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated that FAB (odds ratio [OR] = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.66-0.94) and the use of CCB (OR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.09-6.77) were significantly associated with UI at 1 year.
Conclusion: The results of study indicate that frontal lobe dysfunction is predictor for UI in patients with AD.
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; calcium channel blocker; cholinesterase inhibitors; frontal lobe function; urinaryincontinence.