Osteopontin facilitates tumor metastasis by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity

Cell Death Dis. 2016 Dec 29;7(12):e2564. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2016.422.

Abstract

Tumor metastasis leads to high mortality; therefore, understanding the mechanisms that underlie tumor metastasis is crucial. Generally seen as a secretory protein, osteopontin (OPN) is involved in multifarious pathophysiological events. Here, we present a novel pro-metastatic role of OPN during metastatic colonization. Unlike secretory OPN (sOPN), which triggers the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to initiate cancer metastasis, intracellular/nuclear OPN (iOPN) induces the mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) to facilitate the formation of metastases. Nuclear OPN is found to interact with HIF2α and impact the subsequent AKT1/miR-429/ZEB cascade. In vivo assays confirm that the progression of metastatic colonization is accompanied by the nuclear accumulation of OPN and the MET process. Furthermore, evidence of nuclear OPN in the lung metastases is exhibited in clinical specimens. Finally, VEGF in the microenvironment was shown to induce the translocation of OPN into the nucleus through a KDR/PLCγ/PKC-dependent pathway. Taken together, our results describe the pleiotropic roles of OPN in the tumor metastasis cascade, which indicate its potential as an effective target for both early and advanced tumors.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors / metabolism
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Nucleus / metabolism
  • Cell Plasticity*
  • Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition*
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Mice, Nude
  • MicroRNAs / metabolism
  • Neoplasm Metastasis
  • Neoplasms / metabolism*
  • Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Osteopontin / deficiency
  • Osteopontin / metabolism*
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / metabolism
  • Tumor Microenvironment
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / metabolism

Substances

  • Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors
  • MIRN429 microRNA, human
  • MicroRNAs
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
  • Osteopontin
  • endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1
  • AKT1 protein, human
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt