Biodegradation of cotton and cotton/polyester fabrics impregnated with Ag/TiO2 nanoparticles in soil

Abstract

This study discusses the biodegradation behavior of cotton and cotton/PET fabrics impregnated with Ag/TiO₂ nanoparticles in soil. Biodegradation behavior was evaluated by standard test method ASTM 5988-03 based on determination of percentage conversions of carbon content to CO₂ as well as by soil burial test and enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulase where the extent of biodegradation was estimated by the calculation of fabric weight loss. The morphological and chemical changes of fibers during biodegradation process were analyzed by SEM and FTIR spectroscopy, respectively. The results obtained by all applied methods suggested that Ag/TiO₂ nanoparticles hindered the biodegradation of investigated cotton and cotton/PET fabrics. Soil burial test indicated faster biodegradation of the impregnated blend compared to impregnated cotton fabric which is attributed to smaller amount of fabricated Ag nanoparticles on the blend proved by AAS measurement. Similar trend was established by enzymatic hydrolysis of cotton fibers. Severe damage of cotton fibers in both fabrics due to biodegradation process was confirmed by SEM. However, the cotton fiber damage occurred to a lesser extent in the samples that were impregnated with Ag/TiO₂ nanoparticles. PET fibers remained intact which was also indicated by FTIR analysis.

Keywords: Ag/TiO(2) nanoparticles; Biodegradation; Cotton; Cotton/PET; Soil.