Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a disease originated from malignant hematopoietic stem cell disorder. In CML, mesenchymal stem cells(MSC) have been changed in the bone marrow microenvironment, which can protect the leukemia cells from apoptosis induced by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and lead to the resistance to TKI by the secretion of soluble factors, involvement in cell-cell adhesion, and so on. This review mainly focuses on the changes of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in CML, as well as the role and mechanism of MSC in the CML resistance of TKI. The concrete probrems dicussing in this review are role of MSC in bone marrow microenviroment, characteristics of MSC in CML, the related mechanisms of MSC in drug resistance and so on.