Efficacy and safety of short-term treatment with isoniazid and rifampicin for latent tuberculosis infection in lung transplant candidates

Clin Transplant. 2017 Mar;31(3). doi: 10.1111/ctr.12901. Epub 2017 Feb 3.

Abstract

Background: The current recommendation for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in solid organ transplant candidates is isoniazid for 9 months, but this treatment has the main problem of frequently reaching the posttransplant period.

Methods: This is the study of efficacy and safety of a 3-month regimen with isoniazid and rifampicin (3HR) in lung transplant candidates in the Reina Sofía Hospital in Córdoba.

Results: Three hundred and ninety-eight lung transplant patients were evaluated. Ninety-two (24.9%) had LTBI and just 22 received the 3HR treatment. One additional patient was treated because he had a history of previous incomplete treatment for active TB. None of the treated patients developed posttransplant tuberculosis compared to three of the 62 patients with LTBI who were not treated (4.8%). Three patients could not conclude the 3HR treatment (13%), but only two had adverse effects (8.7%).

Conclusions: Treatment of LTBI in lung transplant candidates using a short course of 3HR appears to be effective and safe in preventing posttransplant TB in lung transplant recipients.

Keywords: latent tuberculosis infection; lung transplantation; tuberculosis.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Antibiotics, Antitubercular / therapeutic use
  • Antitubercular Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Isoniazid / therapeutic use*
  • Latent Tuberculosis / drug therapy*
  • Latent Tuberculosis / etiology
  • Lung Transplantation / adverse effects*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Postoperative Complications / drug therapy*
  • Prognosis
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Rifampin / therapeutic use*
  • Risk Factors

Substances

  • Antibiotics, Antitubercular
  • Antitubercular Agents
  • Isoniazid
  • Rifampin