Update on Feline Ionized Hypercalcemia

Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2017 Mar;47(2):273-292. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.09.004. Epub 2016 Dec 14.

Abstract

Hypercalcemia in cats is recognized with increased frequency, especially idiopathic hypercalcemia, which is the most common cause. Idiopathic hypercalcemia seems to be unique to the cat, not occurring in the dog as a specific syndrome. There are many causes of hypercalcemia, and diagnosis relies on evaluation of clinical signs, physical examination, diagnostic imaging, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, and evaluation of calcium metabolic hormones. With an accurate diagnosis, treatment options can be tailored to the individual.

Keywords: Calcitriol; Chronic kidney disease; Idiopathic hypercalcemia; Ionized calcium; Malignancy; Parathyroid hormone; Total calcium; Vitamin D.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Alendronate / adverse effects
  • Alendronate / therapeutic use
  • Animals
  • Bone Density Conservation Agents / adverse effects
  • Bone Density Conservation Agents / therapeutic use
  • Calcium / blood*
  • Cat Diseases / blood
  • Cat Diseases / diagnosis*
  • Cat Diseases / therapy*
  • Cat Diseases / urine
  • Cats
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Glucocorticoids / therapeutic use
  • Hydroxycholecalciferols / analysis
  • Hypercalcemia / blood
  • Hypercalcemia / diagnosis
  • Hypercalcemia / therapy
  • Hypercalcemia / veterinary*
  • Specimen Handling / methods
  • Specimen Handling / veterinary

Substances

  • Bone Density Conservation Agents
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Hydroxycholecalciferols
  • Calcium
  • Alendronate