Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of garlic essential oils evaluated in organic solvent, emulsifying, and self-microemulsifying water based delivery systems

Food Chem. 2017 Apr 15:221:196-204. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.052. Epub 2016 Oct 12.

Abstract

The chemical composition of garlic essential oils (GEOs) extracted from two different cultivars has been characterized using GC-MS analysis. GEO that was extracted from the white-skin cultivar (WGO) had a lower percentage of the major constituents diallyl trisulfide and diallyl disulfide (45.76 and 15.63%) than purple-skin cultivar (PGO) which contained higher percentages (58.53 and 22.38%) of the same components, respectively. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of WGO and PGO delivered in organic solvent (isopropanol) showed dose-dependent antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogenic bacteria and fungi, especially with WGO. On the other hand, formulation of both GEOs in water-based emulsions totally suppressed the antimicrobial activity of GEO. Re-formulation of GEOs in water-based microemulsion (particle size 10.1nm) showed better antimicrobial activity than emulsions at the same concentration of GEOs. This study can assist in designing the proper water-based delivery system of GEO for application in food preservation.

Keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Delivery system; Emulsions; Essential oil; Garlic; Microemulsions; Water-based.

MeSH terms

  • Allyl Compounds / analysis
  • Anti-Infective Agents / chemistry*
  • Aspergillus flavus / drug effects
  • Aspergillus niger / drug effects
  • Disulfides / analysis
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Emulsions
  • Escherichia coli / drug effects
  • Food Preservation
  • Garlic / chemistry*
  • Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  • Listeria monocytogenes / drug effects
  • Oils, Volatile / chemistry*
  • Particle Size
  • Plant Oils / chemistry
  • Salmonella typhimurium / drug effects
  • Solvents
  • Staphylococcus aureus / drug effects
  • Sulfides / analysis
  • Water

Substances

  • Allyl Compounds
  • Anti-Infective Agents
  • Disulfides
  • Emulsions
  • Oils, Volatile
  • Plant Oils
  • Solvents
  • Sulfides
  • Water
  • diallyl trisulfide
  • diallyl disulfide