NUCLEAR FACTOR Y, Subunit A (NF-YA) Proteins Positively Regulate Flowering and Act Through FLOWERING LOCUS T

PLoS Genet. 2016 Dec 15;12(12):e1006496. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006496. eCollection 2016 Dec.

Abstract

Photoperiod dependent flowering is one of several mechanisms used by plants to initiate the developmental transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. The NUCLEAR FACTOR Y (NF-Y) transcription factors are heterotrimeric complexes composed of NF-YA and histone-fold domain (HFD) containing NF-YB/NF-YC, that initiate photoperiod-dependent flowering by cooperatively interacting with CONSTANS (CO) to drive the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). This involves NF-Y and CO binding at distal CCAAT and proximal "CORE" elements, respectively, in the FT promoter. While this is well established for the HFD subunits, there remains some question over the potential role of NF-YA as either positive or negative regulators of this process. Here we provide strong support, in the form of genetic and biochemical analyses, that NF-YA, in complex with NF-YB/NF-YC proteins, can directly bind the distal CCAAT box in the FT promoter and are positive regulators of flowering in an FT-dependent manner.

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence / genetics
  • Arabidopsis / genetics*
  • Arabidopsis / growth & development
  • Arabidopsis Proteins / biosynthesis
  • Arabidopsis Proteins / genetics*
  • CCAAT-Binding Factor / biosynthesis
  • CCAAT-Binding Factor / genetics*
  • Flowers / genetics*
  • Flowers / growth & development
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic
  • Protein Binding

Substances

  • Arabidopsis Proteins
  • CCAAT-Binding Factor
  • FT protein, Arabidopsis
  • NF-YA2 protein, Arabidopsis
  • nuclear factor Y

Grants and funding

This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (US, http://www.nsf.gov/) award 1149822 to BFH. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.