Emotion Unchained: Facial Expression Modulates Gaze Cueing under Cognitive Load

PLoS One. 2016 Dec 13;11(12):e0168111. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168111. eCollection 2016.

Abstract

Direction of eye gaze cues spatial attention, and typically this cueing effect is not modulated by the expression of a face unless top-down processes are explicitly or implicitly involved. To investigate the role of cognitive control on gaze cueing by emotional faces, participants performed a gaze cueing task with happy, angry, or neutral faces under high (i.e., counting backward by 7) or low cognitive load (i.e., counting forward by 2). Results show that high cognitive load enhances gaze cueing effects for angry facial expressions. In addition, cognitive load reduces gaze cueing for neutral faces, whereas happy facial expressions and gaze affected object preferences regardless of load. This evidence clearly indicates a differential role of cognitive control in processing gaze direction and facial expression, suggesting that under typical conditions, when we shift attention based on social cues from another person, cognitive control processes are used to reduce interference from emotional information.

MeSH terms

  • Attention
  • Cognition*
  • Cues
  • Emotions*
  • Eye Movements*
  • Facial Expression*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Visual Perception / physiology
  • Young Adult

Grants and funding

AP was funded by Sapienza University grant C26A14JFTP and grant C26A15H5KA. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.