Update on the Protective Role of Regulatory T Cells in Myocardial Infarction: A Promising Therapy to Repair the Heart

J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2016 Dec;68(6):401-413. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000436.

Abstract

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains one of the leading causes of heart failure development and death worldwide. To date, interventional and pharmacological therapies are effective in reducing the onset of heart failure and promoting survival. However, progressive maladaptive remodeling post-MI persists in a large fraction of patients resulting in poor prognosis. Immune cell responses and an inflammatory environment largely contribute to adverse cardiac remodeling post-MI. CD4FOXP3 regulatory T cells (Tregs) are known for their immunosuppressive capacity and have been successfully implemented in multiple preclinical studies of permanent and ischemia-reperfusion MI. In this review, we highlight the important cardioprotective role of Tregs at the cardiac tissue, cellular, and molecular level, as well as the most prominent pharmacological venues that could be used to exploit Tregs as a novel therapeutic intervention to lessen myocardial injury post-MI.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • CD28 Antigens / therapeutic use
  • Fingolimod Hydrochloride / pharmacology
  • Fingolimod Hydrochloride / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / pharmacology
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / therapeutic use
  • Myocardial Infarction / immunology*
  • Myocardial Infarction / metabolism
  • Myocardial Infarction / prevention & control*
  • Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / immunology
  • Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / metabolism
  • Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / prevention & control
  • T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / drug effects
  • T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / immunology*
  • T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / metabolism
  • Ventricular Remodeling / drug effects
  • Ventricular Remodeling / immunology*

Substances

  • CD28 Antigens
  • Immunosuppressive Agents
  • Fingolimod Hydrochloride