Linear-In-The-Parameters Oblique Least Squares (LOLS) Provides More Accurate Estimates of Density-Dependent Survival

PLoS One. 2016 Dec 9;11(12):e0167418. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167418. eCollection 2016.

Abstract

Survival is a fundamental demographic component and the importance of its accurate estimation goes beyond the traditional estimation of life expectancy. The evolutionary stability of isomorphic biphasic life-cycles and the occurrence of its different ploidy phases at uneven abundances are hypothesized to be driven by differences in survival rates between haploids and diploids. We monitored Gracilaria chilensis, a commercially exploited red alga with an isomorphic biphasic life-cycle, having found density-dependent survival with competition and Allee effects. While estimating the linear-in-the-parameters survival function, all model I regression methods (i.e, vertical least squares) provided biased line-fits rendering them inappropriate for studies about ecology, evolution or population management. Hence, we developed an iterative two-step non-linear model II regression (i.e, oblique least squares), which provided improved line-fits and estimates of survival function parameters, while robust to the data aspects that usually turn the regression methods numerically unstable.

MeSH terms

  • Algorithms
  • Biological Evolution
  • Diploidy
  • Haploidy
  • Humans
  • Least-Squares Analysis
  • Life Cycle Stages
  • Likelihood Functions
  • Models, Biological
  • Population Density
  • Rhodophyta / genetics
  • Rhodophyta / growth & development*
  • Rhodophyta / physiology

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Research on Gracilaria chilensis was supported by Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (http://www.conicyt.cl/fondecyt/fondecyt-program/) under grant number 1090360. VV was funded by European Regional Development Funds (http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/funding/erdf/) of the Competitiveness Factors Operational Programme—COMPETE and national funds of the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT—www.fct.pt) under the project UID/EEA/50009/2013. AHE was supported by fellowships SFRH/BPD/63703/2009 and SFRH/BPD/107878/2015 of the FCT. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.