A mini volume loading test (mVLT) using 2.5-mLkg-1 boluses of crystalloid for indication of perioperative changes in hydration status

Medicina (Kaunas). 2016;52(6):354-365. doi: 10.1016/j.medici.2016.11.004. Epub 2016 Nov 25.

Abstract

Background and objective: A mini volume loading test (mVLT) evaluating hemodilution during step-wise crystalloid infusion has established that the arterio-capillary plasma dilution difference is inversely correlated to the body hydration level of subjects. This observational study aimed to test whether this can be replicated in a perioperative setting using a 2.5-mLkg-1 boluses.

Materials and methods: The mVLT was performed before induction of regional anesthesia and 24h later. Step-wise infusion implied six mini fluid challenges. These consisted of 2.5-mLkg-1 boluses of Ringer's acetate infused during 2-3min and followed by 5-min periods with no fluids. Invasive (arterial) and noninvasive (capillary) measurements of hemoglobin were performed before and after each mini fluid challenge, as well as after a 20-min period without fluid following the last bolus. Hemoglobins were used to calculate the arterio-capillary plasma dilution difference which is used as an indication of changes in body hydration level. The 24-h fluid balance was calculated.

Results: Subjects were 69.5 (6.0) years old, their height was 1.62m (1.56-1.65), weight was 87.0kg (75.5-97.5) and body mass index (BMI) was 33.5kg/m2 (31.0-35.1). Preoperative arterio-capillary plasma dilution difference was significantly higher than postoperative (0.085 [0.012-0.141] vs. 0.006 [-0.059 to 0.101], P=0.000). The perioperative 24-h fluid balance was 1976mL (870-2545).

Conclusions: The mVLT using 2.5-mLkg-1 boluses of crystalloid was able to detect the higher postoperative body hydration level in total knee arthroplasty patients.

Keywords: Hydration level; Mini volume loading test; Noninvasive hemoglobin; Perioperative fluid balance; Stroke volume.

Publication types

  • Observational Study
  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Crystalloid Solutions
  • Dehydration / blood
  • Dehydration / diagnosis*
  • Dehydration / therapy*
  • Dehydration / urine
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Female
  • Fluid Therapy / methods*
  • Hemoglobins / analysis
  • Humans
  • Infusions, Parenteral
  • Isotonic Solutions / administration & dosage*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Perfusion
  • Perioperative Care / methods*
  • Plasma / chemistry
  • Rehydration Solutions / administration & dosage*
  • Statistics, Nonparametric
  • Time Factors
  • Urine Specimen Collection
  • Water-Electrolyte Balance / physiology

Substances

  • Crystalloid Solutions
  • Hemoglobins
  • Isotonic Solutions
  • Rehydration Solutions
  • Ringer's acetate