Accuracy and Reliability of Drawing Central Sacral Vertical Line on Scoliosis Radiographs in Clinical Practice

Dinesh Thawrani; Steven S Agabegi; Emily Eismann; Rose Martin; Peter F Sturm

doi:10.1016/j.jspd.2012.10.003

Accuracy and Reliability of Drawing Central Sacral Vertical Line on Scoliosis Radiographs in Clinical Practice

Spine Deform. 2013 Jan;1(1):16-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jspd.2012.10.003. Epub 2013 Jan 3.

Authors

Dinesh Thawrani¹, Steven S Agabegi², Emily Eismann², Rose Martin³, Peter F Sturm²

Affiliations

¹ Orthopedic Department, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. Electronic address: dr_dineshthawrani@yahoo.co.in.
² Orthopedic Department, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
³ Radiology Department, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.

PMID: 27927316
DOI: 10.1016/j.jspd.2012.10.003

Abstract

Study design: Retrospective cross-sectional assessment of radiographs of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Objective: To assess accuracy, reliability, and reproducibility of the central sacral vertical line (CVSL) on scoliosis radiographs and its influence on determining clinically relevant parameters: stable vertebra (SV) and lumbar modifier (LM).

Background summary: The central sacral vertical line is frequently used on scoliosis radiographs for surgical planning. However, no studies have assessed how accurately and reliably a physician draws CSVL in routine clinical practice.

Methods: We provided 30 digital posteroanterior X-rays of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis to 5 raters (3 fellowship-trained spine surgeons and 2 fellows) at 2 different times (3-week interval) to determine SV and LM. An independent observer then assessed the accuracy of CSVL drawn by the raters. The CSVL was considered accurate when it was drawn vertical from the middle of the S1 vertebra. To avoid conscious bias, we kept raters blinded as to the actual purpose of the study. To avoid technical bias, the study was conducted with research Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) software and raters used desktop computers similar to those in clinics or operating rooms.

Results: Based on absolute values, the CSVL was drawn on average 2.3 (±1.9) mm away from the center. Based on raw values, the lines were drawn on average 1.0 (±2.8) mm left of the center. We observed fair inter-rater reliability among the 5 raters, with an intra-class correlation of 0.23 (95% confidence interval, -0.33-0.59). Intra-rater reproducibility was moderate across 2 assessments, with an ICC of 0.47 (95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.62). Variation in drawing CSVL from center was not significantly associated with the selection of SV (r=-0.02; p=.78) or LM (r=-0.02; p=.78).

Conclusion: Although, physicians draw CSVL significantly away from the center of the S1 vertebra (mean, 2.3 mm), its influence on determining SV or LM is not affected in routine practice.

Keywords: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS); Central sacral vertical line (CSVL); Lumbar modifier; Scoliosis radiograph measurement; Stable vertebra.