1 Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Italy; School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Italian Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health (SItI), Italy. Electronic address: carlo.signorelli@unipr.it.
2 Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
3 Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Italy; School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
4 Department of Economics, University of Parma, Italy.