During 2012-2015, 10 of 24 patients infected with matching genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis received care at the same hospital in Gaborone, Botswana. Nosocomial transmission was initially suspected, but we discovered plausible sites of community transmission for 20 (95%) of 21 interviewed patients. Active case-finding at these sites could halt ongoing transmission.
Keywords: Africa; Botswana; GIS; Gaborone; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; TB; bacteria; cluster; community transmission; epidemiology; genotyping; geographic information system; mapping; nosocomial transmission; outbreak; transmission; transmission dynamics; tuberculosis; tuberculosis and other mycobacteria.