Gait assessment with solesound instrumented footwear in spinal muscular atrophy

Muscle Nerve. 2017 Aug;56(2):230-236. doi: 10.1002/mus.25484. Epub 2017 Feb 15.

Abstract

Introduction: Gait impairment is common in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and is described using clinical assessments and instrumented walkways. Continuous over-ground walking has not been studied.

Methods: Nine SMA participants completed the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and 10-meter walk/run wearing instrumented footwear (SoleSound). Data were simultaneously collected using a reference system (GAITRite). The root-mean-square error (RMSE) indicated criterion validity. The decrease in walking speed represented fatigue. Foot loading patterns were evaluated using force sensors.

Results: The RMSE for stride time, length, and velocity ranged from 1.3% to 1.7%. Fatigue was 11.6 ± 9.1%, which corresponded to an average deceleration of 0.37 ± 0.28 mm/s2 . Participants spent most of their stance without heel contact. Forefoot contact occurred early in the gait cycle.

Conclusions: These results suggest that footwear-based devices are an alternative to specialized equipment for gait assessment. Better understanding of gait disturbances should inform ongoing treatment efforts and provide a more sensitive outcome measure. Muscle Nerve 56: 230-236, 2017.

Keywords: 6-minute walk test; Inertial Sensors; Wearable Technologies; fatigue; gait; outcome measure; reliability; spinal muscular atrophy; validation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Child
  • Female
  • Foot / innervation
  • Gait / physiology*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Muscle Fatigue / physiology
  • Muscular Atrophy, Spinal / diagnosis*
  • Muscular Atrophy, Spinal / physiopathology*
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Shoes*
  • Walking / physiology*
  • Weight-Bearing