Smectic phase in suspensions of gapped DNA duplexes

Nat Commun. 2016 Nov 15:7:13358. doi: 10.1038/ncomms13358.

Abstract

Smectic ordering in aqueous solutions of monodisperse stiff double-stranded DNA fragments is known not to occur, despite the fact that these systems exhibit both chiral nematic and columnar mesophases. Here, we show, unambiguously, that a smectic-A type of phase is formed by increasing the DNA's flexibility through the introduction of an unpaired single-stranded DNA spacer in the middle of each duplex. This is unusual for a lyotropic system, where flexibility typically destabilizes the smectic phase. We also report on simulations suggesting that the gapped duplexes (resembling chain-sticks) attain a folded conformation in the smectic layers, and argue that this layer structure, which we designate as smectic-fA phase, is thermodynamically stabilized by both entropic and energetic contributions to the system's free energy. Our results demonstrate that DNA as a building block offers an exquisitely tunable means to engineer a potentially rich assortment of lyotropic liquid crystals.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • DNA / chemistry*
  • DNA, Single-Stranded / chemistry
  • Liquid Crystals / chemistry
  • Models, Molecular
  • Monte Carlo Method
  • Nucleic Acid Conformation*
  • Phase Transition*
  • Temperature
  • Thermodynamics*

Substances

  • DNA, Single-Stranded
  • DNA