Purpose of review: This article reviews the current knowledge on the prognostic importance of ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring parameters in patients with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension.
Recent findings: Although mean 24-h ambulatory BPs have been consistently established as better cardiovascular risk predictors than clinic (office) BPs in several clinical settings, and ambulatory BP monitoring is generally indicated in patients with resistant hypertension; there were only five previous longitudinal prospective studies that specifically evaluated the prognostic importance of ambulatory BP monitoring parameters in resistant hypertensive patients. These studies are carefully reviewed here. In conjunction, they demonstrated that office BP levels have little, if any, prognostic value in resistant hypertensive patients. Otherwise, several ambulatory BP monitoring parameters are strong cardiovascular risk predictors, particularly nighttime sleep BPs and the non-dipping pattern. Most relevant, the ambulatory BP monitoring diagnosis of true resistant hypertension (i.e., patients with uncontrolled ambulatory BPs, either daytime or nighttime) doubled the risk of future occurrence of major cardiovascular events in contrast to patients with white-coat resistant hypertension (i.e., with controlled ambulatory BPs despite uncontrolled office BPs). This review reinforces the pivotal role of serial ambulatory BP monitoring examinations in the clinical management of patients with resistant hypertension.
Keywords: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; Cardiovascular risk; Cohort studies; Resistant hypertension.