Purpose: Few large, prospective, randomized studies have compared the effects of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in pathological N2 (pN2) with those of surgical resection alone. in terms of long-term survival in lung adenocarcinoma (adenoCA; wild-type [WT] epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR]) and squamous cell carcinoma (squCA) settings. This nationwide cohort study clarifies the role of PORT in the survival of pN2 lung adenoCA (WT EGFR) and squCA patientsPatients and Methods: We analyzed data of patients with adenoCA (WT EGFR) and squCA collected from the Taiwan Cancer Registry database. The patients were categorized into five groups according to the treatment modality: Group 1 (surgery alone), Group 2 (adjuvant chemotherapy [CT] alone), Group 3 (adjuvant radiotherapy [RT] alone), Group 4 (adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy [CCRT]), and Group 5 (adjuvant sequential CT and intensity-modulated RT [IMRT]).
Results: We enrolled 588 lung adenoCA (WT EGFR) and squCA patients without distant metastasis. After adjustments for age at surgery, surgical years, and Charlson comorbidity index scores, the multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that adjusted HRs (aHRs; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for the overall mortality of female lung adenoCA (WT EGFR) patients were 0.257 (0.111-0.594), 0.530 (0.226-1.243), 0.192 (0.069-0.534), and 0.399 (0.172-0.928) in Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. For male lung squCA patients, the aHRs (95% CIs) for overall mortality were 0.269 (0.160-0.451), 0.802 (0.458-1.327), 0.597 (0.358-0.998), and 0.456 (0.265-0.783) in Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively.
Conclusions: Adjuvant CCRT or sequential CT and IMRT at ≥5000 cGy significantly reduced the mortality rate of female lung adenoCA (WT EGFR) and male squCA pN2 patients.
Keywords: adjuvant radiotherapy; lung cancer; pN2; survival.