Size Matters: What Are the Characteristic Source Areas for Urban Planning Strategies?

PLoS One. 2016 Nov 10;11(11):e0165726. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165726. eCollection 2016.

Abstract

Urban environmental measurements and observational statistics should reflect the properties generated over an adjacent area of adequate length where homogeneity is usually assumed. The determination of this characteristic source area that gives sufficient representation of the horizontal coverage of a sensing instrument or the fetch of transported quantities is of critical importance to guide the design and implementation of urban landscape planning strategies. In this study, we aim to unify two different methods for estimating source areas, viz. the statistical correlation method commonly used by geographers for landscape fragmentation and the mechanistic footprint model by meteorologists for atmospheric measurements. Good agreement was found in the intercomparison of the estimate of source areas by the two methods, based on 2-m air temperature measurement collected using a network of weather stations. The results can be extended to shed new lights on urban planning strategies, such as the use of urban vegetation for heat mitigation. In general, a sizable patch of landscape is required in order to play an effective role in regulating the local environment, proportional to the height at which stakeholders' interest is mainly concerned.

MeSH terms

  • Air Pollutants / analysis
  • Algorithms
  • Atmosphere / analysis
  • Cities
  • City Planning / methods*
  • Computer Simulation
  • Construction Materials / analysis
  • Environment
  • Environmental Monitoring
  • Gardens
  • Hot Temperature
  • Humans
  • Microclimate*
  • Models, Theoretical

Substances

  • Air Pollutants

Grants and funding

ZHW and CW received funding from the U.S. National Science Foundation (http://www.nsf.gov) under grant numbers CBET-1435881, CBET-1444758, and SES-1462086. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.