Transcriptional and Posttranslational Regulation of Nucleotide Excision Repair: The Guardian of the Genome against Ultraviolet Radiation

Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Nov 4;17(11):1840. doi: 10.3390/ijms17111840.

Abstract

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight represents a constant threat to genome stability by generating modified DNA bases such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproducts (6-4PP). If unrepaired, these lesions can have deleterious effects, including skin cancer. Mammalian cells are able to neutralize UV-induced photolesions through nucleotide excision repair (NER). The NER pathway has multiple components including seven xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) proteins (XPA to XPG) and numerous auxiliary factors, including ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) protein kinase and RCC1 like domain (RLD) and homologous to the E6-AP carboxyl terminus (HECT) domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (HERC2). In this review we highlight recent data on the transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of NER activity.

Keywords: nucleotide excision repair; posttranslational regulation; transcriptional regulation; ultraviolet radiation.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins / genetics
  • Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins / metabolism
  • Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / genetics
  • Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / metabolism
  • DNA Damage
  • DNA Repair*
  • Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / genetics
  • Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Protein Isoforms / genetics
  • Protein Isoforms / metabolism
  • Protein Processing, Post-Translational*
  • Pyrimidine Dimers / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction
  • Skin Neoplasms / etiology
  • Skin Neoplasms / genetics*
  • Skin Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Skin Neoplasms / pathology
  • Transcription, Genetic*
  • Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
  • Ultraviolet Rays / adverse effects*
  • Xeroderma Pigmentosum / etiology
  • Xeroderma Pigmentosum / genetics*
  • Xeroderma Pigmentosum / metabolism
  • Xeroderma Pigmentosum / pathology
  • Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein / genetics
  • Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein / metabolism

Substances

  • Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone
  • Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
  • Protein Isoforms
  • Pyrimidine Dimers
  • RCC2 protein, human
  • XPA protein, human
  • Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein
  • pyrimidine-pyrimidone dimer
  • HERC2 protein, human
  • Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
  • ATR protein, human
  • Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins