Background: Several studies have shown higher early mortality for ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (STEACS), but late mortality remains consistently higher for non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS). We hypothesized that ST-segment category at acute presentation is associated with the time course of coronary artery disease progression (CP) of nonculprit lesions in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
Methods: A total of 226 patients (182 men, age 65 ± 10 years) with STEACS (n = 95) or NSTEACS (n = 131) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) during initial hospitalization were studied. All patients underwent serial coronary angiograms (CAGs) performed immediately before PCI and at 7 ± 3 months and 60 ± 10 months after presentation. CP was defined as an increase in stenosis severity >15% of a nonculprit lesion between 2 serial CAGs.
Results: The rate of CP between the first and second CAGs did not differ by ST-segment category at acute presentation. Compared to STEACS, NSTEACS had a higher rate of CP between the second and final CAGs (27.4 vs. 42.7%, P = 0.018). Multivariate analysis showed that the independent predictors of CP between the second and final CAGs were NSTEACS (odds ratio 2.709, P = 0.003), estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (odds ratio 2.447, P = 0.015), and diabetes mellitus (odds ratio 2.135, P = 0.021).
Conclusions: Irrespective of conventional risk factors and angiographic findings, ST-segment category at initial presentation is associated with the persistency of widespread coronary disease activity following presentation in ACS patients undergoing PCI. This may partly explain the time-dependent differences in outcomes of patients with STEACS and NSTEACS.
Keywords: Acute coronary syndromes; Coronary angiography; Follow-up study.