From solvent-free microspheres to bioactive gradient scaffolds

Morteza Rasoulianboroujeni; Mostafa Yazdimamaghani; Payam Khoshkenar; Venkata Raveendra Pothineni; Kwang Min Kim; Teresa A Murray; Jayakumar Rajadas; David K Mills; Daryoosh Vashaee; Keyvan Moharamzadeh; Lobat Tayebi

doi:10.1016/j.nano.2016.10.008

From solvent-free microspheres to bioactive gradient scaffolds

Nanomedicine. 2017 Apr;13(3):1157-1169. doi: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.10.008. Epub 2016 Oct 26.

Affiliations

¹ Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Helmerich Advanced Technology Research Center, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, USA.
² Helmerich Advanced Technology Research Center, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, USA.
³ The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Biomedical Engineering Department, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, US.
⁴ Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
⁵ Biomedical Engineering Department, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, US.
⁶ Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
⁷ Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
⁸ School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, UK.
⁹ Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Helmerich Advanced Technology Research Center, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, USA. Electronic address: lobat.tayebi@marquette.edu.

PMID: 27793788
DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.10.008

Abstract

A solvent-free microsphere sintering technique was developed to fabricate scaffolds with pore size gradient for tissue engineering applications. Poly(D,L-Lactide) microspheres were fabricated through an emulsification method where TiO₂ nanoparticles were employed both as particulate emulsifier in the preparation procedure and as surface modification agent to improve bioactivity of the scaffolds. A fine-tunable pore size gradient was achieved with a pore volume of 30±2.6%. SEM, EDX, XRD and FTIR analyses all confirmed the formation of bone-like apatite at the 14^th day of immersion in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) implying the ability of our scaffolds to bond to living bone tissue. In vitro examination of the scaffolds showed progressive activity of the osteoblasts on the scaffold with evidence of increase in its mineral content. The bioactive scaffold developed in this study has the potential to be used as a suitable biomaterial for bone tissue engineering and hard tissue regeneration.

Keywords: Bone-like apatite; Microsphere sintering; Mineralization; Pore size gradient; Solvent-free method; Tissue engineering scaffold.

Publication types

Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Animals
Apatites / analysis
Apatites / metabolism
Biocompatible Materials / chemistry*
Cell Line
Mice
Microspheres
Nanoparticles / chemistry*
Osteoblasts / cytology*
Osteoblasts / metabolism
Polyesters / chemistry*
Porosity
Surface Properties
Tissue Engineering / methods
Tissue Scaffolds / chemistry*
Titanium / chemistry*

Substances

Apatites
Biocompatible Materials
Polyesters
titanium dioxide
poly(lactide)
Titanium