Physical activity and self-esteem: testing direct and indirect relationships associated with psychological and physical mechanisms

Seyed Hojjat Zamani Sani; Zahra Fathirezaie; Serge Brand; Uwe Pühse; Edith Holsboer-Trachsler; Markus Gerber; Siavash Talepasand

doi:10.2147/NDT.S116811

Physical activity and self-esteem: testing direct and indirect relationships associated with psychological and physical mechanisms

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016 Oct 12:12:2617-2625. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S116811. eCollection 2016.

Authors

Seyed Hojjat Zamani Sani¹, Zahra Fathirezaie¹, Serge Brand², Uwe Pühse³, Edith Holsboer-Trachsler², Markus Gerber³, Siavash Talepasand⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
² Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS).
³ Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
⁴ Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.

Abstract

In the present study, we investigated the relationship between physical activity (PA) and self-esteem (SE), while introducing body mass index (BMI), perceived physical fitness (PPF), and body image (BI) in adults (N =264, M =38.10 years). The findings indicated that PA was directly and indirectly associated with SE. BMI predicted SE neither directly nor indirectly, but was directly associated with PPF and both directly and indirectly with BI. Furthermore, PPF was directly related to BI and SE, and a direct association was found between BI and SE. The pattern of results suggests that among a sample of adults, PA is directly and indirectly associated with SE, PPF, and BI, but not with BMI. PA, PPF, and BI appear to play an important role in SE. Accordingly, regular PA should be promoted, in particular, among adults reporting lower SE.

Keywords: adults; body image; physical activity; physical fitness; self-esteem.