Effect of Backpack Strap Patterns on Gait Parameters in Young Adults at Self-Selected Normal and Fast Walking Speeds

Abstract

Background: The effects of backpack load on young adults' gait parameters have received little attention. We previously reported that with a backpack load within 15% body weight (BW), young adults maintain their gait parameters at the expense of increased exertion during a 6-minute walk at self-selected normal walking speed. However, the effect of backpack strap pattern on gait parameters during faster walking or longer stride length has not been evaluated.

Objective: To determine the effect of different backpack strap patterns on gait parameters during a 12-minute walk test in young adults at self-selected normal and fast walking speeds.

Design: A crossover, self-controlled experimental study with repeated measures.

Setting: Department of Medical Rehabilitation, University of Nigeria.

Participants: A convenience sample of 24 healthy young adults (21.29 ± 1.20 years) who voluntarily signed an informed consent form, were able to wear a backpack on 1 and on both shoulders, were able to walk independently, and passed the physical activity readiness screening participated in this study.

Methods: Using a validated method of an observational gait analysis, each participant carried out a 12-minute walk test at self-determined normal and fast walking speeds, respectively. The effect of the following test conditions on the selected gait parameters was evaluated: normal and fast walking without load, and normal and fast walking with 10% and 20% BW backpack carried each on 1 and both shoulders.

Main outcome measurement: Stride length, stride time, velocity, cadence, and base of support were assessed by the equation definitions method of the velocity field diagram.

Results: At self-selected fast walking speed with 10% BW backpack load, stride time (P = .004) and cadence (P = .006) were significantly decreased when participants wore a double-strap backpack. At self-selected normal walking speed with 20% BW backpack load, cadence was significantly decreased with double-strap backpack carriage (P = .008). Cadence (P < .001), velocity (P < .001), and stride time (P < .001)were also significantly decreased at both conditions of single and double-strap backpack carriage of 20% BW respectively at fast walking speed.

Conclusion: Backpack strap patterns do not affect the gait parameters of young adults in a 12-minute bout of normal walking speed, provided that the load is less than 20% BW. However, a load up to 10% BW carried on a double strap causes a decrease in stride time and cadence when these individuals walk fast.

Level of evidence: Not applicable.