Contrast-enhanced Spectral Mammography: Technique, Indications, and Clinical Applications

Abstract

Rationale and objectives: Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) combines the benefits of full field digital mammography with the concept of tumor angiogenesis. Technique and practical applications of CESM are discussed.

Materials and methods: An overview of the technique is followed by a demonstration of practical applications of CESM in our practice.

Results: We have successfully implemented CESM into our practice as a screening, diagnostic, staging, and treatment response tool.

Conclusion: It is important to understand the technique of CESM and how to incorporate it into practice.

Keywords: CESM; breast cancer; contrast-enhanced spectral mammography; diagnosis; screening.