TREMs in Alzheimer's disease: Genetic and clinical investigations

Clin Chim Acta. 2016 Dec 1:463:88-95. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.10.022. Epub 2016 Oct 18.

Abstract

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREMs) receptors constitute a family modulators in human innate immunity system that encode by a gene cluster. Rare variants in TREM2 were reported to be associated with significant Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. However, inconsistent results were also reported in some studies of Non-European descents. Recently, the other TREM family members are also considered to involve in AD and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) soluble form of TREM2 (sTREM2) levels has also been associated with respond to progression of disease. In this review, we converged the data of genetic and clinical investigations to identify the clearer role of TREMs in AD. Here, comprehensively analyze of multidisciplinary fields highlights the contribution of TREMs locus to AD development.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Biomarker; Epigenetic; TREM2; TREML; sTREM2.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Alzheimer Disease / genetics*
  • Alzheimer Disease / metabolism
  • Alzheimer Disease / pathology
  • Humans
  • Membrane Glycoproteins / genetics*
  • Membrane Glycoproteins / metabolism
  • Myeloid Cells / metabolism
  • Myeloid Cells / pathology
  • Receptors, Immunologic / genetics*
  • Receptors, Immunologic / metabolism

Substances

  • Membrane Glycoproteins
  • Receptors, Immunologic
  • TREM2 protein, human