Prospective evaluation of prognostic indicators for early recurrence of cutaneous melanoma

Melanoma Res. 2017 Feb;27(1):43-49. doi: 10.1097/CMR.0000000000000302.

Abstract

The majority of melanomas are thin lesions with an excellent prognosis; however, significant tumor heterogeneity exists, and a small percentage of patients with early-stage disease may progress to metastatic recurrence. This study aimed to assess whether prognostic factors previously shown to be significant in predicting stage I and stage II melanoma recurrence were consistent in a large prospectively collected patient cohort, and to identify novel prognostic factors associated with early recurrence to inform follow-up protocols. There were 1029 patients with stage I and stage II melanoma included in the analysis, of whom 123 developed a recurrence during follow-up (median 2.13 years). Multivariable analysis identified ulceration, presence of mitoses, Clark level, presence of lymphovascular invasion, and a history of autoimmune disease as factors independently associated with recurrence. These data identified patients with stage I-II melanoma with very low-risk for recurrence: no ulceration, zero mitoses, a low Clark level, no lymphovascular invasion, and possibly no history of autoimmune disease. These patients do not require intensive follow-up: 12 monthly reviews and full skin checks may be appropriate. Ongoing research into prognostic factors for recurrence in early-stage melanoma is important.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Autoimmune Diseases / complications
  • Blood Vessels / pathology
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Lymphatic Metastasis
  • Lymphatic Vessels / pathology
  • Male
  • Melanoma / complications
  • Melanoma / secondary*
  • Melanoma / surgery
  • Middle Aged
  • Mitosis
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / complications
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / pathology*
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / pathology*
  • Prospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Skin Neoplasms / complications
  • Skin Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Skin Neoplasms / surgery
  • Skin Ulcer / etiology
  • Young Adult