Incidence of differentiated thyroid carcinomas, especially papillary carcinomas, in recent decades worldwide increase. This is especially the detection of small tumor sizes up to two centimeters. Causes of the increase of these cancers are either increased number of thyroid investigations, but also the actual increase of this disease. The subject of expert discussion on this topic is mainly assessment of the severity of newly diagnosed tumors, the choice of treatment strategy and choice of follow-up of patients. Given that a large part of tumor detected in an early stage and due to the success of the current treatment options for the prognosis of thyroid cancer is usually good. Despite the large increase of the incidence, mortality for this type of cancer, in countries with good individualized treatment, decreases. We present a review of literature on the topic.Key words: thyroid carcinoma - post-operation monitoring - radioiodine - stratification of the risk of relapse.