Nucleus prepositus hypoglossi lesions produce a unique ocular motor syndrome

Neurology. 2016 Nov 8;87(19):2026-2033. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003316. Epub 2016 Oct 12.

Abstract

Objective: To describe the ocular motor abnormalities in 9 patients with a lesion involving the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NPH), a key constituent of a vestibular-cerebellar-brainstem neural network that ensures that the eyes are held steady in all positions of gaze.

Methods: We recorded eye movements, including the vestibulo-ocular reflex during head impulses, in patients with vertigo and a lesion involving the NPH.

Results: Our patients showed an ipsilesional-beating spontaneous nystagmus, horizontal gaze-evoked nystagmus more intense on looking toward the ipsilesional side, impaired pursuit more to the ipsilesional side, central patterns of head-shaking nystagmus, contralateral eye deviation, and decreased vestibulo-ocular reflex gain during contralesionally directed head impulses.

Conclusions: We attribute these findings to an imbalance in the NPH-inferior olive-flocculus-vestibular nucleus loop, and the ocular motor abnormalities provide a new brainstem localization for patients with acute vertigo.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Caloric Tests
  • Female
  • Functional Laterality
  • Head Movements / physiology
  • Humans
  • Hypoglossal Nerve / pathology*
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nystagmus, Pathologic / etiology*
  • Ocular Motility Disorders / complications*
  • Ocular Motility Disorders / diagnostic imaging
  • Ocular Motility Disorders / pathology*
  • Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular / physiology
  • Vestibular Nuclei / diagnostic imaging
  • Vestibular Nuclei / pathology*