Real-time femtomolar detection of cancer biomarkers from photoconjugated antibody-phage constructs

Analyst. 2016 Dec 19;142(1):91-97. doi: 10.1039/c6an01904h.

Abstract

Here we describe novel covalent conjugates of antibody-phage for the detection of multiple cancer biomarkers using real time immuno-polymerase chain reaction (immuno-PCR). While the conventional process of immuno-PCR utilizes DNA-conjugated antibodies, chemical modification of antibodies not only reduces antibody affinity but also creates a heterogeneous population of products. However, phage naturally encapsulate genomic DNA, which can be used as a PCR template. To produce covalently conjugated antibody-phage constructs without recombinant antibody expression or chemical modification of antibodies, we incorporated a photocrosslinkable non-canonical amino acid within an antibody-binding domain displayed on one of the phage coat proteins. To correlate antigen presence to a specific DNA sequence, the phage genomes were modified with domains that recognized specific sets of primers. The crosslinked antibody-phage conjugates were then tested in a sandwich-type immunoassay using real-time PCR where low pg ml-1 concentrations of antigen could be detected and identified from a single solution containing a mixture of three different types of cancer biomarkers.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Antibodies / metabolism*
  • Bacteriophage M13 / genetics
  • Bacteriophage M13 / metabolism*
  • Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis*
  • Immunoassay / methods*
  • Limit of Detection*
  • Photochemical Processes*
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • Antibodies
  • Biomarkers, Tumor