The current treatment for obesity-related type 2 diabetes is not able to achieve sufficient metabolic control. New remission prospects have been offered through bariatric surgery and other interventional therapies. The aim of the study is to illustrate the mechanism by which such therapies affect the autonomic system, in particular the afferent vagal activity. The first and most important terminal of this activity is the brainstem vagal nucleus tractus solitarius. Its function, on which the vagal efferent inputs that control the splanchnic organs depend, is conditioned by the level of synaptic transmission within it. In conclusion, on the basis of such a view, a selective pharmacological modulation of such transmission as the target for future medical treatment of obesity and related type 2 diabetes is proposed.
Keywords: Bariatric surgery; Obesity; Type 2 diabetes remission; Vagal nerve blocking; Vagal nucleus tractus solitarius.