Identification of Tricyclic Agonists of Sphingosine-1-phosphate Receptor 1 (S1P1) Employing Ligand-Based Drug Design

J Med Chem. 2016 Nov 10;59(21):9837-9854. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01099. Epub 2016 Oct 20.

Abstract

Fingolimod (1) is the first approved oral therapy for the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. While the phosphorylated metabolite of fingolimod was found to be a nonselective S1P receptor agonist, agonism specifically of S1P1 is responsible for the peripheral blood lymphopenia believed to be key to its efficacy. Identification of modulators that maintain activity on S1P1 while sparing activity on other S1P receptors could offer equivalent efficacy with reduced liabilities. We disclose in this paper a ligand-based drug design approach that led to the discovery of a series of potent tricyclic agonists of S1P1 with selectivity over S1P3 and were efficacious in a pharmacodynamic model of suppression of circulating lymphocytes. Compound 10 had the desired pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profile and demonstrated maximal efficacy when administered orally in a rat adjuvant arthritis model.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Arthritis, Experimental / drug therapy
  • Arthritis, Experimental / immunology
  • Dogs
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Drug Design*
  • Fingolimod Hydrochloride / administration & dosage
  • Fingolimod Hydrochloride / chemistry
  • Fingolimod Hydrochloride / pharmacology*
  • Freund's Adjuvant / administration & dosage
  • Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring / administration & dosage
  • Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring / chemistry
  • Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring / pharmacology*
  • Ligands
  • Lymphocytes / drug effects
  • Macaca fascicularis
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Molecular Structure
  • Mycobacterium / drug effects
  • Rats
  • Rats, Inbred Lew
  • Receptors, Lysosphingolipid / agonists*
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Tissue Distribution

Substances

  • Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring
  • Ligands
  • Receptors, Lysosphingolipid
  • Freund's Adjuvant
  • Fingolimod Hydrochloride