Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on vascular endothelial function in hypertensive patients after intensive periodontal treatment

Acta Odontol Latinoam. 2016 Apr;29(1):60-67.

Abstract

There is a relation between vascular endothelial function, atherosclerotic disease, and inflammation. Deterioration of endothelial function has been observed twenty-four hours after intensive periodontal treatment. This effect may be counteracted by the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, which improve endothelial function. The aim of the present study was to evaluate vascular endothelial function after intensive periodontal treatment, in hypertensive patients treated with angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors. A prospective, longitudinal, comparative study involving repeated measurements was conducted. Fifty-two consecutive patients with severe periodontal disease were divided into two groups, one comprising hypertensive patients treated with converting enzyme inhibitors and the other comprising patients with no clinical signs of pathology and not receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Endothelial function was assessed by measuring postischemic dilation of the humeral artery (baseline echocardiography Doppler), and intensive periodontal treatment was performed 24h later. Endothelial function was re-assessed 24h and 15 days after periodontal treatment.

Statistical analysis: Results were analyzed using the SPSS 20 statistical software package. Student's t test and MANOVA were calculated and linear regression analysis with 95% confidence intervals and α<0.05 was performed. Arterial dilation at 24 hours was lower compared to baseline in both groups; values corresponding to the groups receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors were 11.89 ± 4.87 vs. 7.30 ± 2.90% (p<0.01) and those corresponding to the group not receiving ACE inhibitors were 12.72 ± 4.62 vs. 3.56 ± 2.39 (p<0.001). The differences between groups were statistically significant (p<0.001).

Conclusion: The increase in endothelial dysfunction after intensive periodontal treatment was significantly lower in hypertensive patients treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Endothelial function improved 15 days after periodontal treatment, reaching baseline values. These results support the protective effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors on the endothelial function after intensive periodontal treatment.

Existe relación entre la disfunción del endotelio vascular, la enfermedad aterosclerótica y la inflamación. A las 24 h del tratamiento intensivo de la enfermedad periodontal se produce un deterioro de la función endotelial. Este efecto podría ser balanceado por la acción de los inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de la angiotensina que mejoran la función endotelial. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la función endotelial vascular después del tratamiento periodontal intensivo, en pacientes hipertensos tratados con inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de la angiotensina. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, longitudinal, comparativo, con mediciones repetidas. Se incorporaron 52 pacientes consecutivos, con enfermedad periodontal severa divididos en dos grupos, uno con hipertensión arterial tratados con inhibidores de la enzima convertidora y el otro sin inhibidores ni patología clínicamente evidente. Se determinó la función endotelial cuantificando la dilatación de la arterial humeral post isquemia ecocardiografía Doppler basal. A las 24 h se efectuó el tratamiento periodontal intensivo; a 24 h y 15 días posteriores se reevaluó la función endotelial. Análisis estadístico: se empleó el paquete estadístico SPSS 20. Se realizaron: t-test de Student, MANOVA y análisis de regresión lineal con intervalos de confianza del 95% y α <0.05. Resultados: a las 24 h post tratamiento periodontal se observó una menor dilatación arterial en ambos grupos en relación a la dilatación arterial basal, siendo para el grupo con inhibidores 11.89 ±4.87 vs. 7.30 ± 2.90%, p<0.01 y para el grupo sin inhibidores 12.72 ± 4.62 vs 3.56 ± 2.39, p<0.001, con diferencias significativas entre ambos p< 0.001. En conclusión el aumento de la disfunción endotelial post tratamiento intensivo periodontal fue significativamente menor en hipertensos que recibieron inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de la angiotensina. La función endotelial mejoró a los 15 días de efectuado el tratamiento, alcanzando los valores inciales. Estos resultados permitirían relacionar a los inhibidores de la enzima convertidora con un efecto protector del endotelio posterior al tratamiento intensivo de la enfermedad periodontal.

Keywords: Hypertension; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; periodontal diseases.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology*
  • Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Endothelium, Vascular / drug effects*
  • Endothelium, Vascular / physiopathology*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypertension / complications
  • Hypertension / physiopathology*
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Periodontal Diseases / complications
  • Periodontal Diseases / surgery*
  • Prospective Studies

Substances

  • Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors