Efficacy and risk profile of anti-diabetic therapies: Conventional vs traditional drugs-A mechanistic revisit to understand their mode of action

Prachi Gupta; Manju Bala; Sanjeev Gupta; Anita Dua; Rajesh Dabur; Elisha Injeti; Ashwani Mittal

doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.029

Efficacy and risk profile of anti-diabetic therapies: Conventional vs traditional drugs-A mechanistic revisit to understand their mode of action

Pharmacol Res. 2016 Nov;113(Pt A):636-674. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.029. Epub 2016 Sep 30.

Authors

Prachi Gupta¹, Manju Bala¹, Sanjeev Gupta¹, Anita Dua¹, Rajesh Dabur², Elisha Injeti³, Ashwani Mittal⁴

Affiliations

¹ Skeletal Muscle Lab, University College, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India.
² Biochemistry Department, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
³ Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cedarville University, Cedarville, OH, 45314, USA.
⁴ Skeletal Muscle Lab, University College, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India. Electronic address: mittala@kuk.ac.in.

PMID: 27697646
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.029

Abstract

An increasing array of anti-diabetic drugs are available today, yet Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) - remains a life threatening disease, causing high mortality and morbidity in developing and developed countries. As of now, no effective therapy is available for the complete eradication/cure of diabetes and its associated complications. Therefore, it is time to re-think and revisit molecular pathways and targets of each existing drug in order to identify multiple targets from different signaling pathways that may be manipulated simultaneously to treat or manage T2DM effectively. Bearing this goal in mind, the article reviews the mechanisms of action of available anti-diabetic drugs with in-depth mechanistic analysis of each therapy. The conventional and herbal strategies are analysed and compared for their benefits and the associated possible side effects. This critical information is necessary not only for the development of better, novel and potent anti-diabetic therapy in future but also for best possible combinational therapies and strategies with the available drugs.

Keywords: Acarbose (PubChem CID: 41774); Alogliptin (PubChem CID: 11450633); Anti-diabetic drugs; Canagliflozin (PubChem CID: 24812758); Dapagliflozin (PubChem CID: 9887712); Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors; Exenatide (PubChem CID: 56927919); Gliclazide (PubChem CID: 3475); Glimepiride (PubChem CID: 3476); Glyburide (PubChem CID: 3488); Linagliptin (PubChem CID: 10096344); Liraglutide (PubChem CID: 16134956); Lixisenatide (PubChem CID: 90472060); Metformin; Metformin (PubChem CID: 4091); Miglitol (PubChem CID: 441314); Nateglinide (PubChem CID: 5311309); Phlorizin (PubChem CID: 6072); Phyto-drugs; Pioglitazone (PubChem CID: 4829); Pramlintide (PubChem CID: 16132446); Repaglinide (PubChem CID: 65981); Resveratrol (PubChem CID: 91745415); Rosiglitazone (PubChem CID: 77999); SGLT2; Saxagliptin (PubChem CID: 11243969); Sitagliptin (PubChem CID: 4369359); Sulfonylureas; Taspoglutide (PubChem CID: 56842233); Teneligliptin (PubChem CID: 11949652); Thiazolidinediones; Tolbutamide (PubChem CID: 5505); Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Vildagliptin (PubChem CID: 6918537); Voglibose (PubChem CID: 444020); miRNAs.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Animals
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / drug therapy*
Disease Management
Humans
Hypoglycemic Agents / adverse effects
Hypoglycemic Agents / pharmacology*
Hypoglycemic Agents / therapeutic use*
Risk
Signal Transduction / drug effects

Substances

Hypoglycemic Agents