Novel 2-arylazoimidazole derivatives as inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi proliferation: Synthesis and evaluation of their biological activity

Abstract

In this work, the synthesis of a series of 2-arylazoimidazole derivatives 6-20 has been achieved through the reaction of imidazole with aryldiazonium salts, followed by ultrasound-assisted alkylation. This approach has important advantages including higher yield, shorter reaction times and milder reaction conditions. The structures of the compounds obtained were determined by MS, IR; and ¹H and ¹³C NMR. The anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of the 15 compounds obtained was evaluated. Two compounds with piperidino substituents in the carboxamide moiety proved to be effective inhibitors of epimastigote proliferation, obtaining inhibition values comparable to those achieved with the reference drug Benznidazole. Besides, these compounds displayed low cytotoxicity on mammalian cells. In vivo, both compounds protected mice against a challenge with a lethal Trypanosoma cruzi strain. These results allow us to propose 2-arylazoimidazoles as lead compounds for the design of novel drugs to treat Chagas' disease.

Keywords: 2-Arylazoimidazoles; Biological activity; Chagas' disease; Ultrasound-assisted alkylation.