Technical note: how to determine the FDG activity for tumour PET imaging that satisfies European guidelines

Daniëlle Koopman; Jochen A C van Osch; Pieter L Jager; Carlijn J A Tenbergen; Siert Knollema; Cornelis H Slump; Jorn A van Dalen

doi:10.1186/s40658-016-0158-z

Technical note: how to determine the FDG activity for tumour PET imaging that satisfies European guidelines

EJNMMI Phys. 2016 Dec;3(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s40658-016-0158-z. Epub 2016 Sep 29.

Authors

Daniëlle Koopman^{1

2}, Jochen A C van Osch³, Pieter L Jager⁴, Carlijn J A Tenbergen^{4

5}, Siert Knollema⁴, Cornelis H Slump⁵, Jorn A van Dalen³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Nuclear Medicine, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands. d.koopman@isala.nl.
² MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands. d.koopman@isala.nl.
³ Department of Medical Physics, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
⁴ Department of Nuclear Medicine, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
⁵ MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.

Abstract

Background: For tumour imaging with PET, the literature proposes to administer a patient-specific FDG activity that depends quadratically on a patient's body weight. However, a practical approach on how to implement such a protocol in clinical practice is currently lacking. We aimed to provide a practical method to determine a FDG activity formula for whole-body PET examinations that satisfies both the EANM guidelines and this quadratic relation.

Results: We have developed a methodology that results in a formula describing the patient-specific FDG activity to administer. A PET study using the NEMA NU-2001 image quality phantom forms the basis of our method. This phantom needs to be filled with 2.0 and 20.0 kBq FDG/mL in the background and spheres, respectively. After a PET acquisition of 10 min, a reconstruction has to be performed that results in sphere recovery coefficients (RCs) that are within the specifications as defined by the EANM Research Ltd (EARL). By performing reconstructions based on shorter scan durations, the minimal scan time per bed position (T min) needs to be extracted using an image coefficient of variation (COV) of 15 %. At T min, the RCs should be within EARL specifications as well. Finally, the FDG activity (in MBq) to administer can be described by [Formula: see text] with c a constant that is typically 0.0533 (MBq/kg(2)), w the patient's body weight (in kg), and t the scan time per bed position that is chosen in a clinical setting (in seconds). We successfully demonstrated this methodology using a state-of-the-art PET/CT scanner.

Conclusions: We provide a practical method that results in a formula describing the FDG activity to administer to individual patients for whole-body PET examinations, taking into account both the EANM guidelines and a quadratic relation between FDG activity and patient's body weight. This formula is generally applicable to any PET system, using a specified image reconstruction and scan time per bed position.

Keywords: EANM guidelines; FDG-PET; Scan time protocol; Tumour imaging.