Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease (HD). 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is a mitochondrial toxin that specifically inhibits complex II of the electron transport chain (ETC) and is used to generate an experimental model of HD.
Objective: To study the effect of fish liver oil (FO) over the mitochondrial dysfunction induced via partial ETC inhibition by 3-NP.
Methods: This study was performed in rats and consisted of two phases: (i) administration of increasing doses of 3-NP and (ii) administration of FO for 14 days before to 3-NP. The rats' exploratory activity; complex I, II, III, and IV activities; and rearing behavior were observed. Additionally, the number of TUNEL-positive cells and various mitochondrial parameters, including oxygen consumption, transmembrane potential, adenosine triphosphate synthesis, and ETC activity, were measured.
Results: We observed that FO exerted a protective effect against the 3-NP-induced toxicity, although complex II inhibition still occurred. Instead, this effect was related to strengthened mitochondrial complex III and IV activities.
Discussion: Our results show that FO exerts a beneficial prophylactic effect against mitochondrial damage. Elucidating the mechanisms linking the effects of FO with its prevention of neurodegeneration could be the key to developing recommendations for FO consumption in neurological pathologies.
Keywords: Brain; Electron transport chain; Fish oil; Gadus morrhua; Huntington's disease; Mitochondria isolation; Mitochondrial function; Striatum.