Eltrombopag (thrombopoietin-receptor agonist) and plasmapheresis as rescue therapy of acute post-renal transplant immune thrombocytopenia in a child with Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia-case report

Pediatr Transplant. 2016 Dec;20(8):1148-1151. doi: 10.1111/petr.12828. Epub 2016 Sep 26.

Abstract

SIOD is rare disorder related to SMARCAL1 or SMARCAL2 gene mutation, including (among other comorbidities) T-cell immunodeficiency, nephrotic syndrome, and renal failure. Up to 22% of primary patients may develop various autoimmune disorders. We report the case of 11-year-old male with SIOD, who presented ITP at 2 years after renal transplantation with decrease in platelet count (from normal) to 56 000/μL and then (gradually) to 2000/μL. There was no effect of iv. methylprednisolone/dexamethasone. As the presence of antibodies against GPIIb/IIIa, GPIb, and GPIaIIa platelet glycoproteins was confirmed, patient was given 50 g of IVIG and then was put on plasmapheresis; however, both showed poor direct effect. As we were afraid to give rituximab (due to expected overimmunosuppression), we prescribed the oral TPO-receptor agonist (eltrombopag). Patient responded after 17 days of therapy, to the final dose of 50 mg/d (approx. 2 mg/kg). The antiplatelet antibodies disappeared after four plasmapheresis. Overall, the therapy was continued for 7 weeks and was stopped at platelet count of 433 000/μL. Platelet count remained stable in 8-month follow-up. Combination of plasmapheresis and TPO-receptor agonist was effective in post-renal transplant acute ITP in patient with SIOD.

Keywords: Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia; acute immune thrombocytopenia; plasmapheresis; renal transplantation; thrombopoietin-receptor agonist.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Arteriosclerosis / drug therapy*
  • Arteriosclerosis / etiology
  • Benzoates / therapeutic use*
  • Child
  • DNA Helicases / genetics
  • Humans
  • Hydrazines / therapeutic use*
  • Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / drug therapy*
  • Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / etiology
  • Kidney Transplantation / adverse effects*
  • Male
  • Mutation
  • Nephrotic Syndrome / drug therapy*
  • Nephrotic Syndrome / etiology
  • Osteochondrodysplasias / drug therapy*
  • Osteochondrodysplasias / etiology
  • Plasmapheresis
  • Platelet Count
  • Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
  • Pulmonary Embolism / drug therapy*
  • Pulmonary Embolism / etiology
  • Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic / complications
  • Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic / drug therapy*
  • Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic / surgery*
  • Pyrazoles / therapeutic use*
  • Thrombopoietin / metabolism
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • Benzoates
  • Hydrazines
  • Pyrazoles
  • Thrombopoietin
  • SMARCAL1 protein, human
  • DNA Helicases
  • eltrombopag

Supplementary concepts

  • Schimke immunoosseous dysplasia