Carbon nanotube composite microspheres as a highly efficient solid-phase microextraction coating for sensitive determination of phthalate acid esters in water samples

J Chromatogr A. 2016 Oct 14:1468:17-22. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.09.030. Epub 2016 Sep 14.

Abstract

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on polystyrene (PS) microspheres have been designed and prepared by layer-by-layer assembly via electrostatic interaction. MWCNTs@PS was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The new materials were employed as a novel solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coating to enrich trace level of phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in water samples. Five PAEs, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di-2-ethylhexyl adipate (DEHA), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP), were studied in this work. The Box-Behnken design was applied to calculate optimum extraction factors affecting the extraction efficiency using a response surface. In the optimized conditions, the developed technique achieved high enrichment factors (738-2347), low limits of detection (0.0012-0.018μgL-1) and wide linearity (0.001-5μgL-1) for detecting PAEs. The method was successfully applied to analyze PAEs in real environmental water samples with recovery ranging from 73.4% to 103.8%. The results demonstrated that MWCNTs@PS are a promising coating material in the SPME of PAEs at trace levels from environmental samples.

Keywords: Carbon nanotube composite microspheres; GC-tandem MS; Phthalate acid esters; Solid-phase microextraction.

MeSH terms

  • Environmental Monitoring / methods*
  • Esters / analysis*
  • Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  • Microspheres*
  • Nanotubes, Carbon / chemistry*
  • Phthalic Acids / analysis*
  • Solid Phase Microextraction / instrumentation*
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / analysis*

Substances

  • Esters
  • Nanotubes, Carbon
  • Phthalic Acids
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical
  • phthalic acid