The gastrointestinal structure, function and immunity of preterm infants are immature. Furthermore the gastrointestinal microbe colonization is abnormal. Therefore the preterm infants are prone to a variety of gastrointestinal diseases. Probiotics can regulate gastrointestinal microbe constitute, improve gastrointestinal barrier function, reduce gastrointestinal inflammation response and regulate the immunity. At present, it is used for the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis, and feeding intolerance. The safety and efficacy of probiotics for preterm infants are still controversial.
早产儿的消化道结构、功能和机体免疫发育不成熟，且消化道微生物定植异常，易发生各种消化道疾病。益生菌能调节消化道微生物的构成，改善消化道屏障功能，减轻消化道炎症反应并调节机体免疫。目前主要益生菌用于防治坏死性小肠结肠炎、晚发败血症及喂养不耐受等。但益生菌在早产儿中应用的有效性和安全性仍存在争议。